Stress measurement of stainless steel piping welds by complementary use of high-energy synchrotron X-rays and neutrons

三浦 靖史*; 鈴木 賢治*; 諸岡 聡; 菖蒲 敬久

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 8(1), p.1_1 - 1_14, 2024/03

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs8010001

Probabilistic fracture mechanics (PFM) is expected as a reasonable structural integrity assessment method for nuclear components such as piping, whose main degradation phenomenon is stress corrosion cracking (SCC). Some input parameters are necessary for PFM analysis, and welding residual stress is one of the most important parameters because welding residual stress affects SCC initiation and propagation. Recently, a double exposure method (DEM) with synchrotron X-ray has been proposed, and the method is an expected candidate for the measurement of welding residual stress with a high spatial resolution. In this paper, the DEM was applied to measure the residual stress of the plate specimen, which was cut from the welded pipe using electrical discharge machining, and detailed stress maps under a plane stress state were obtained. Furthermore, the residual stress distributions of the welded pipe under a triaxial stress state were also evaluated using neutron diffraction. From these results, the method for obtaining a detailed stress map of the welded pipe by the complementary use of high-energy synchrotron radiation X-rays and neutrons was proposed.

Stress evaluation method by neutron diffraction for HCP-structured magnesium alloy

Harjo, S.; Gong, W.; 川崎 卓郎

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 7(4), p.32_1 - 32_13, 2023/12

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs7040032

Tensile deformation in situ neutron diffraction of an extruded AZ31 alloy was performed to validate conventional procedures and to develop new procedures for stress evaluation from lattice strains by diffraction measurements of HCP-structured magnesium alloys. Increases in the lattice strains with respect to the applied true stress after yielding largely vary among [] grains. The newly proposed procedure of stress evaluation from the lattice strains shows very high accuracy and reliability by weighting the volume fraction of [] grains and evaluating them in many [] orientations in addition to multiplication by the diffraction elastic constant. When multiple peaks cannot be obtained simultaneously, we recommend to use the 12.1 peak for stress evaluation.

Relationship between internal stress distribution and microstructure in a suspension-sprayed thermal barrier coating with a columnar structure

山崎 泰広*; 篠宮 啓介*; 奥村 忠晴*; 鈴木 賢治*; 菖蒲 敬久; 中村 唯我*

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 7(2), p.14_1 - 14_12, 2023/05

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs7020014

The suspension plasma spray (SPS) technique has attracted attention because of its various microstructures, which can be achieved by mixing submicron spray particles with a solvent to form a suspension. Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) with a columnar structure, which might achieve high strain tolerance, can be obtained using the SPS technique. In this study, the internal stress distribution of the SPS-TBC with different columnar structures was evaluated by hybrid measurement using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis and laboratory low-energy X-rays. The effect of microstructure on the internal stress distribution of the SPS-TBC was discussed on the basis of the experimental results. In addition, the in-plane internal stress was decreased by decreasing the column diameter. The thin columnar microstructure of the SPS-TBC has superior strain tolerance. The internal stresses in the column of the SPS-TBC are periodic decrements caused by stress relaxation in porous layers.

Coulomb spike modelling of ion sputtering of amorphous water ice

Constantini, J.-M.*; 小川 達彦

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 7(1), p.7_1 - 7_16, 2023/03

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs7010007

イオンなどを物体に照射し、物体の構成原子や分子を放出させるスパッタリングは、工学的に重要な技術として様々な分野で利用されている。このスパッタリングで放出される原子や分子の運動では、入射粒子の運動と真逆に放出される成分があることが実験的に知られていた。従来、照射効果の予測に標準的に用いられてきたサーマルスパイクモデルでは、伝導により平衡に達した熱統計集団が蒸発して粒子を放出する。ただし、この放出は等方的であり、指向性のある成分は説明が付かない。本研究では、イオン照射で発生する電離が飛跡に沿って直線状に配置され、それらの間に働く電気的斥力がイオン照射方向に指向性を持つことに着想を得て、スパッタリングの角度分布をイオン照射で発生する静電気力により表現した。具体的な手法として、イオン照射によって発生する電離を飛跡構造解析コードRITRACKSを使用して計算し、その電離で発生する陽イオンの幾何的配置から、静電気力によるイオンの運動を計算した。その結果、1MeVの陽子や1MeV/uの炭素イオンを水に照射した場合、照射と逆方向 にイオンの噴出が確認できた他、スパッタリングの放出収量も先行研究の実験と矛盾ない結果が得られた。

Neutron stress measurement of W/Ti composite in cryogenic temperatures using time-of-flight method

西田 真之*; Harjo, S.; 川崎 卓郎; 山下 享介*; Gong, W.

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 7(1), p.8_1 - 8_15, 2023/03

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs7010008

In this study, the thermal stress alterations generated in a tungsten fiber reinforced titanium composite (W/Ti composite) were evaluated by the neutron stress measurement method at cryogenic temperatures. The W/Ti composite thermal loads were repeated from room temperature to the cryogenic temperature (10 K), and alterations in thermal residual stress were evaluated using the neutron in situ stress measurement method. In this measurement, the stress alterations in the titanium matrix and the tungsten fibers were measured. This measurement was carried out by TAKUMI (MLF-BL19) of J-PARC, a neutron research facility in the Japan Atomic Agency. The measurement method of TAKUMI is the time-of-flight (TOF) method. Owing to this measurement method, the measurement time was significantly shortened compared to the angle-dispersion type measurement by a diffractometer. As a result of the measurement, large compressive stresses of about 1 GPa were generated in the tungsten fibers, and tensile stresses of about 100 MPa existed in the titanium matrix. The thermal stresses due to the temperature change between room temperature and cryogenic temperature is caused by the difference of thermal expansions between the tungsten fibers and the titanium matrix, and these stress values can be approximated by a simple elastic theory equation.

Multiple wavelengths texture measurement using angle dispersive neutron diffraction at WOMBAT

徐 平光; Liss, K.-D.*

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 5(2), p.11_1 - 11_14, 2021/06

AA2020-0801.pdf:11.28MB

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs5020011

In contrast to conventional angle dispersive neutron diffractometers with a single-tube detector or a small-size linear position-sensitive detector, the WOMBAT diffractometer at Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) is equipped with a large-area curved position-sensitive detector, spanning 120 for the scattering angle 2 and 15 for the azimuth , respectively. Here, WOMBAT was employed to establish a texture measurement environment for complex textured samples, through measuring neutron diffractograms at two selected wavelengths on a typical reference sample of martensite-austenite multilayered steel sheet. All neutron patterns were simultaneously Rietveld analyzed using the software, Materials Analysis Using Diffraction (MAUD). The shorter wavelength enabled to collect the martensite diffraction peaks 110, 200, 211, 220, 310, 222 as well as the austenite diffraction peaks 111, 200, 220, 311, 222, 331 diffraction peaks simultaneously by pre-setting the detector range to 2 = 30150. The longer wavelength enabled to separate the overlapping strong martensite peak 110 and austenite peak 111 more reliably. Moreover, the detector panel division along the vertical direction covers a good stereographic coverage in the azimuthal angle. Such combination of multiple wavelength neutron diffraction combined with simultaneous Rietveld texture analysis was confirmed much valuable to realize high precision measurements for complex textured samples at an orientation distribution function (ODF) graticule of 5, and in a much shorter beam time than the conventional angle dispersive method.

Comprehensive understanding of hillocks and ion tracks in ceramics irradiated with swift heavy ions

石川 法人; 田口 富嗣*; 小河 浩晃

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 4(4), p.43_1 - 43_14, 2020/12

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs4040043

LiNbO, ZrSiO, GdGaO, SrTiOについて、200MeV Auイオンを照射し、透過型電子顕微鏡で、照射損傷組織(イオントラックとヒロック)を詳細に観察した。その結果、LiNbO, ZrSiO, GdGaOは、イオントラックとヒロックともにアモルファス化していることが確認され、耐照射性の低い「アモルファス化可能材料」に分類されることが確認された。一方で、CaFなどのフッ化物は、耐照射性の高い「非アモルファス化可能材料」に分類されることが、我々の前回の研究で判明している。ところが、本研究で調べたSrTiOは、2つの分類の中間に当たることが判明した。耐照射性の観点から区別される2つの材料分類を分ける材料基準が何なのか従来から問題となっていたが、本研究により、イオン結合性の強さ、結晶対称性の高さが、その材料基準となることが示唆された。

Analysis of ion-irradiation induced lattice expansion and ferromagnetic state in CeO by using Poisson distribution function

山本 優輝*; 石川 法人; 堀 史説*; 岩瀬 彰宏*

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 4(3), p.26_1 - 26_13, 2020/09

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs4030026

CeOセラミックスに高エネルギーイオン(200MeV Xeイオン)照射を行うと格子膨張及び強磁性の変化が起きる。イオントラック損傷の寸法で記述できるポアッソン分布関数を利用すると、それらの変化の照射量依存性がうまく記述でき、容易に予測できるようになることを示した。具体的には、ポアッソン分布関数を利用すると、イオントラックの寸法が決定できること、また、高照射量領域でのイオントラックのオーバーラップ効果も直感的に理解できるようになる。また照射によって発現する強磁性のふるまいも、同じ枠組みで理解できるようになることを示し、物性変化に対しても応用可能である利点を提示した。

Residual stress distribution in water jet peened type 304 stainless steel

林 眞琴*; 大城戸 忍*; 鈴木 裕士

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 4(2), p.18_1 - 18_12, 2020/06

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs4020018

In materials with a surface treatment such as shot peening, the residual stress gradient in the surface layer is severe. When measuring the residual stress distribution near the surface with a severe stress gradient by the neutron diffraction method, the gauge volume must be removed from the measurement sample. However, when the gauge volume deviates from the sample, a pseudo peak shift occurs and accurate stress distribution cannot be evaluated. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the pseudo peak shift in advance under the same conditions, as in the case of actual residual stress measurement, using a sample in an unstressed state. In this study, the stress distributions in the surface layer of a type 304 stainless steel plate and bar with simulated stress-corrosion cracks which were subjected to water jet peening - giving a surface layer residual stress equivalent better than that of normal shot peening - were evaluated considering the pseudo peak shift. As a result, the residual stress distributions in the surface layer were measured in good agreement with the measurement result obtained by the sequential polishing X-ray diffraction method. It was clarified that the residual stress distribution in the near surface with steep stress gradient can be evaluated by the neutron diffraction method.

Evaluation of residual stress relaxation in a rolled joint by neutron diffraction

林 眞琴*; Root, J. H.*; Rogge, R. B.*; 徐 平光

Quantum Beam Science (Internet), 2(4), p.21_1 - 21_16, 2018/12

AA2018-0259.pdf:2.23MB

https://doi.org/10.3390/qubs2040021

The rolled joint of pressure tube, consisting of three axial symmetric parts, modified SUS403 stainless steel, Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube and Inconel-718, has been examined by neutron diffraction for residual stresses. It was heat treated at 350C for 30, 130 and 635 hours to simulate the thermal aging of the rolled joint over the lifetime of the advanced thermal reactor at 288C for 1, 5 and 30 years. The crystal lattice strains at various locations in the rolled joint before and after the aging treatments were measured by neutron diffraction and the residual stress distribution in the rolled joint was evaluated by using the Kroner elastic model and the generalized Hooke's law. In the crimp region of the rolled joint, it was found that the aging treatment had weak effect on the residual stresses in the Inconel and the SUS403. In the non-aged Zr-2.5Nb, the highest residual stresses were found near its interface with the SUS430. In the Zr-2.5Nb in the crimp region near its interface with the SUS430, the average compressive axial stress was -440 MPa, having no evident change during the long-time aging. In the Zr-2.5Nb outside closest to the crimp region, the tensile axial and hoop stresses were relieved during the 30 hours aging. The hoop stresses in the crimp region evolved from an average tensile stress of 80 MPa to an average compressive stress of 230 MPa after the 635 hours aging, suggesting that the rolled joint had a good long-term sealing ability against the leakage of high temperature water.